张伯礼：中医药在防治新型冠状病毒肺炎全过程发挥作用

文章介绍了新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控中央指导组和国家科技部专家组成员、中国工程院院士张伯礼教授关于中医药如何从新型冠状病毒肺炎的预防、治疗、康复、研究及应急体系建立等方面发挥积极作用的相关论述。中医药防治疫情决非纸上谈兵,中医药已经进入疫病防治主战场,对新型冠状病毒肺炎的防治全程发挥作用。     

试从中医角度认识2019新型冠状病毒肺炎

2019新型冠状病毒肺炎属于中医疫病范畴,临床表现以发热、乏力、干咳为主,少数患者伴有鼻塞、流涕、腹泻等症状,其病位在肺,总的病机为湿郁于肺,治疗的关键环节是尽早正确及时除湿,通腑泄浊。依据四诊合参、审症求因,初步提出分期辨证论治:初期、中期、重症期、恢复期,在临证时需要个体化的中医治疗方案治疗本次疫病。未感染者要早预防,已感染者要早发现、早隔离、早诊断、早治疗。     

Nano-curcumin therapy,a promising method in modulating inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients

BackgroundAs an ongoing worldwide health issue, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) has been causing serious complications, including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure. However, there is no decisive treatment approach available for this disorder, which is primarily attributed to the large amount of inflammatory cytokine production. We aimed to identify the effects of Nano-curcumin on the modulation of inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients.MethodForty COVID-19 patients and 40 healthy controls were recruited and evaluated for inflammatory cytokine expression and secretion. Subsequently, COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups: 20 patients receiving Nano-curcumin and 20 patients as the placebo group. The mRNA expression and cytokine secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL‐18 were assessed by Real‐time PCR and ELISA, respectively.ResultOur primary results indicated that the mRNA expression and cytokine secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18 were increased significantly in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy control group. After treatment with Nano-curcumin, a significant decrease in IL-6 expression and secretion in serum and in supernatant (P = 0.0003, 0.0038, and 0.0001, respectively) and IL-1β gene expression and secretion level in serum and supernatant (P = 0.0017, 0.0082, and 0.0041, respectively) was observed. However, IL-18 mRNA expression and TNF-α concentration were not influenced by Nano-curcumin.ConclusionNano-curcumin, as an anti-inflammatory herbal based agent, may be able to modulate the increased rate of inflammatory cytokines especially IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression and cytokine secretion in COVID-19 patients, which may cause an improvement in clinical manifestation and overall recovery.     

安徽省阜阳市新型冠状病毒肺炎普通型及重型病例临床特征分析

目的 分析普通型及重型新型冠状病毒肺炎病例的临床特征,探讨重型/危重型病例相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析阜阳市第二人民医院2020年1月20日—2月10日期间住院治疗的125例新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例的临床特点,比较疾病不同分型患者的相关临床指标。结果 125例中发热116例,平均最高体温为（38.38±0.62） ℃,肺部干湿性啰音12例;发病到就诊时间（5.90±3.32）d;影像学示双侧多发病变103例,淡片状或片絮状阴影87例,48 h进展迅速者25例;血白细胞总数( 5.12±1.95)×10⁹/L,淋巴细胞计数(1.33±0.66)×10⁹/L,C反应蛋白(28.00±36.28) mg/L,降钙素原(0.09±0.32) ng/mL,血清淀粉样蛋白A (102.39±81.41) mg/L,白细胞介素-6( 33.94±64.00) pg/ mL。重型/危重型组与普通型组的年龄、最高体温、呼吸频率、心率、指脉氧饱和度、淋巴细胞计数、C反应蛋白、血清淀粉样蛋白A和白细胞介素-6等比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 新型冠状病毒肺炎症状多而体征少为其临床特征,淋巴细胞计数多减少,影像多示双肺广泛分布浸润阴影。及早识别重型/危重型病例的预警征象,以有效减少重型/危重型病例的 发生。     

中医学应对疫病的历史回顾与思考

概要回顾中医学关于外感热病诊治规律的相关记载,总结其对外感热病中具有传染性特点的疫病病因、病机、传变及治疗的认识;结合新型冠状病毒肺炎的发病时间及主要临床表现,提出其属中医学“瘟疫”范畴,病位在肺,病因为感受“冬温之毒”,从口鼻而入,侵袭肺络;结合各地诊疗方案提出的证候特点及用药规律研究,指出疫毒袭肺、邪热壅肺、毒热闭肺为其核心病机;分析中药连花清瘟理论组方特点及相关临床与实验研究结果,佐证其在应对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中的临床价值。     

肿瘤合并感染新冠肺炎患者临床分析及疫情期间肿瘤患者的管理建议

目的:探讨分析肿瘤合并新冠病毒感染患者情况并提出自己的思考与建议。方法:通过统计2020年1月至2020年3月期间纳入的313名本院肿瘤科在新冠疫情期间肿瘤合并感染新冠肺炎患者情况，汇总临床资料，分析患者肺部影像学特点，总结肿瘤合并新冠肺炎病毒感染患者临床特征、预后及转归等，并提出自己建议。结果:科室总共313名患者住院，5名新冠感染患者，新冠病毒肺炎发生率为1.6%，这比之前所报道的武汉市新冠病毒普通人群发生率0.37%要高接近3倍，肿瘤合并新冠患者死亡率接近20%。结论:对于疫情结束初期病房应尽量减少患者非必要往返医院次数，实行肿瘤患者分层管理，加强轻症患者随访，线上管理等；而对于住院患者，则采取缓冲分诊模式，做好病房消毒隔离以及管理，避免感染，减少肿瘤病房新型冠状病毒爆发概率。     

2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)不同临床分型患者胸部CT影像学特征

目的: 探讨2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）不同临床分型患者的胸部CT影像学特征。方法: 收集经核酸检测确诊为COVID-19的患者67例，根据《新型冠状病毒感染肺炎诊疗方案（试行第六版）》对患者进行临床分型，其中轻型3例，普通型35例，重型22例，危重型7例。分析和比较不同临床分型患者的胸部CT影像学特征。结果: 轻型患者胸部CT影像学检查无明显异常。普通型患者中，单发病灶3例（8.6%），多发病灶32例（91.4%）；重型患者中，单发病灶1例（4.5%），多发病灶21例（95.5%）；危重型患者均为多发病灶。普通型患者胸部CT影像以实性斑片影伴晕征为主要表现（18/35，51.4%）；重型患者以条索影伴磨玻璃影为主要表现（7/22，31.8%）；以实变影为主要表现共7例，全部为重型或危重型患者。结论: COVID-19不同临床分型患者胸部CT影像学有特征性表现，以实变影为主要病灶的影像学特征可作为重型和危重型患者的指征之一。     

生殖专科机构预防新型冠状病毒肺炎感染的措施

新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎, COVID-19)是近期流行的一种新发传染病,已造成大量人员感染,其中包括医务人员。为预防生殖医学的医院感染,有效降低新冠肺炎在生殖专科机构传播的风险,通过查询相关文献、指南和规范等,并结合生殖医学特点,制定生殖医学有关的临床区、手术室和实验室及相关人员预防新冠肺炎的措施。     

Surgical malpractice: staying out of trouble

This article discusses why surgeons get into trouble more than most specialties and reviews data from the National Clinical Assessment Authority and the General Medical Council National Training Survey. It explores some of the areas that are known to be associated with the highest risk of suspension and malpractice claims, including working in the private and independent sectors, the introduction of new procedures and use of novel devices, consent and documentation, peri-procedural precautions, lack of resources and support, and medicolegal work. In each of these areas, he highlights pitfalls to avoid. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of teamworking, an adequate workload, regular peer review, thorough counselling of patients, meticulous record keeping and attention to detail.